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Treatment

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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Urgent referral is required.

The fistula may resolve as a result of spontaneous thrombosis, otherwise it must be repaired. A variety of methods are available, none of which are entirely satisfactory. These include:

  • ligation - first of the supraclinoid carotid and ophthalmic arteries intracranially, and then of the internal carotid in the neck

  • direct repair of the fistula and cardiopulmonary bypass

  • embolization - usually, detachable balloon catherisation

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