Chronic hypocalcaemia
Commonly:
- vitamin D deficiency - dietary lack, malabsorption, lack of sunlight
- chronic renal disease - due to failure of renal conversion of 25 HCC to 1,25 DHCC
Less commonly:
- hypoparathyroidism - including hypomagnesaemia
- pseudohypoparathyroidism
- low plasma albumin - malnutrition, liver disease
Rarely:
- dietary lack:
- low intake
- binding of calcium by organic phosphates - for example, presence of phytate in chapati flour may be important in Asian people
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