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Denosumab and the risk of type 2 diabetes

Authoring team

Denosumab

  • is a humanized monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), is a widely used antiresorptive medication for osteoporosis treatment

  • preclinical studies indicate that inhibition of RANKL signaling improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and β-cell proliferation

  • in a cohort study of 68 510 adults, continued treatment of denosumab for osteoporosis was associated with significantly lower risk of developing diabetes than discontinued denosumab treatment:
    • during a mean (SD) follow-up of 1.9 (1.6) years, 2016 patients developed diabetes in the treatment group and 3220 developed diabetes in the comparison group (incidence rate, 35.9 vs 43.6 per 1000 person-years)
    • compared with the comparison group, denosumab treatment was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90)

Reference:

  1. Huang H, Chuang AT, Liao T, et al. Denosumab and the Risk of Diabetes in Patients Treated for Osteoporosis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2354734. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54734

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