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Characteristics of IDDM

Authoring team

The characteristics of IDDM include:

  • onset usually before 20 years
  • equal incidence in males and females
  • association with HLA B8, B15, DR3, DR4
  • 50% concordance in identical twins
  • islet cell antibodies in 90% of cases
  • there is an absolute deficiency in insulin secretion
  • glucagon secretion is increased
  • obesity is rare
  • patients are prone to ketoacidosis
  • occasionally occurs in association with other autoimmune disease e.g. Schmidt's syndrome

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