Differential diagnosis
It is important that clnicians should exclude other causes of hypercalcaemia.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) mediated causes of hypercalcaemis include:
- primary hyperparathyroidism
- familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- ectopic PTH production by a tumour
PTH independent mediated causes of hypercalcaemias include:
- cancer: secretion of PTH related peptide, increased calcitriol, bone metastases
- granulomatous diseases
- vitamin D intoxication
- drugs: thiazides, lithium, vitamin A
- milk alkali syndrome
- adrenal insufficiency
- hyperthyroidism
- immobilisation
- vitamin A toxicity
- chronic renal failure
Reference:
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