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Aetiology

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  • causes of subjective tinnitus (1)
    • otologic disorders - the most common cause of subjective tinnitus
      • hearing loss
        • causes of conductive hearing loss
          • cerumen impaction (ear wax)
          • otitis externa
          • perforation of tympanic membrane
          • middle ear fluid
          • otosclerosis
        • causes of sensorineural hearing
          • noise-induced hearing loss
          • presbycusis
      • Meniere's disease
      • acoustic neuroma
    • ototoxic drugs
      • aspirin, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, methotrexate, vincristine, furosemide, etc. (1)
    • infectious
      • otitis media, ,syphilis, Lyme disease, meningitis (2)
    • neurological causes
      • multiple sclerosis, head trauma
    • metabolic causes
      • thyroid diseases
      • hyperlipidaemia
    • psychological
  • causes of objective tinnitus (rare)
    • vascular abnormalities
      • these are associated with pulsatile tinnitus
      • causes include :
        • arteriovenous malformation, vascular tumours (Glomus tumour)
    • neurological diseases
      • idiopathic stapedial muscle spasm
    • eustachian tube dysfunction

Reference:

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