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Aetiology with respect to mechanism

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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  • raised intra-abdominal pressure, e.g. obesity, eating large meals, tight clothing, pregnancy
  • faulty oesophageal sphincter, e.g. pregnancy - due to hormonal smooth muscle relaxation, smoking, fatty meals, hiatus hernia, after surgery for achalasia
  • drugs, e.g. tricyclic depressants, anticholinergics which affect the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter

Acidic damage to the lower oesophageal mucosa can cause reflex longitudinal muscle spasm. This draws the cardia upwards, so further permitting acid reflux.

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