Erosive duodenitis

This condition is considered to be part of the spectrum of duodenal ulcer and it is advised that treatment is as for duodenal ulcer. Causes include: (1,2,3)

Infective

• Helicobacter pylori: this has shown a near-universal relationship (>90%) with duodenal ulcers
• giardiasis
• tropical sprue

Non-infective inflammatory

• secondary involvement from
  • pancreatitis (considered most common)
  • cholecystitis
  • Crohn’s disease: duodenal involvement in 0.5-4% of cases. Primary involvement: ulcer, stricture. Secondary involvement: enteric fistula.
• duodenal ulcers: occur most frequently in the duodenal bulb
• AIDS
• post-radiation therapy

Others

• NSAIDs
• alcohol
• diverticulitis
• gastric hypersecretion

Reference:

1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s: management. August 2016.
2. Siau K, Hearnshaw S, Stanley AJ, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)-led multisociety consensus care bundle for the early clinical management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2020;11(4):311-23.
3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults: investigation and management. Oct 2019