Diagnosis of opiate abuse
- presence of needle-marks
- presence of opiates in urine
- signs and symptoms of withdrawal (these peak after two or three days, and may mimic an upper respiratory tract infection):
- restlessness, insomnia, agitation
- yawning
- abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting
- muscle cramps, twitching
- pupillary dilation
- goose-flesh, sweating
- rhinorrhoea, lacrimation
- tachycardia
- pyrexia
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