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Miscellaneous factors

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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Miscellaneous factors that predispose an individual to mixed and cholesterol gallstones include:

  • race - incidence in caucasians is twice that in blacks
  • age and sex - in general, the incidence increases with age. Before puberty, the incidence is approximately equal between the sexes. From puberty to menopause, women show a greater incidence than men, but the discrepancy decreases after the menopause
  • parity - incidence of stones higher in multiparous women
  • diet - cholesterol-rich foods include dairy products and red meat
  • drugs:
    • increased secretion of cholesterol by the liver - for example, fibrate
    • complication of octreotide therapy; this is a somatostatin analogue used to treat patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and acromegaly

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