abdominal examination - for an enlarged bladder or loaded colon
pelvic examination
with attention to the urethra and bladder neck
assessment of pelvic floor muscles
undertake routine digital assessment to confirm pelvic floor muscle contraction before the use of supervised pelvic floor muscle training for the treatment of urinary incontinence (1)
consider neurological examination depending on context of presenting complaint:
consider assessment of sacral reflexes - for example, anal reflex, bulbocavernous reflex
lower limb reflexes, motor and sensory function - as innervation to the lower urinary tract is closely related to that of the lower extremities
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