Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea account for the majority of cases. (1)
Less commonly, PID may result from: (2)
No microbiological cause can be found in 20%.
Routes of infection include:
Reference:
1. Goller JL et al. Population attributable fraction of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with chlamydia and gonorrhoea: a cross-sectional analysis of Australian sexual health clinic data. Sex Transm Infect. 2016 Nov;92(7):525-31.
2. Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364.
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