Aetiology

The most common cause is detrusor instability.

Inflammatory bladder diseases such as infection or calculi often cause urinary urgency but rarely, are associated with incontinence.

Impaired access to the toilet, especially in the elderly, may result in functional urgency and incontinence.

Reference

1. Haylen BT et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20.