Reduced production
Reduced proliferation of red cell precursors:
- iron deficiency
- anaemia of chronic disease
- renal failure - reduced erythropoietin production
- bone marrow disease:
- aplastic anaemia
- infiltrative disorders - leukaemia, myelofibrosis, cancer
- pure red cell aplasia
Defective maturation of red cell precursors - increased erythropoietin, marrow hyperplasia but ineffective erythropoiesis due to:
- defective nuclear maturation - megaloblastic anaemia
- defective cytoplasmic maturation:
- iron deficiency
- disorders of globin synthesis - thalassaemia
- disorders of haem metabolism - sideroblastic anaemia
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