Epidemiology
There are regional differences in the risk of travellers' diarrhoea and estimates of incidence rates vary in different studies:
- low-risk areas
- Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan
- around 7% of travellrs experience travelers diarrhoea while visiting these countries
- intermediate risk areas
- southern Europe, Israel, South Africa, some parts of the Caribbean and the Pacific islands
- incidence rates of travelers diarrhoea is between 8 and 20 %
- high risk areas
- most of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America;
- more than 20% of travelers from a high-income country will experience diarrhoea when visiting these areas (1)
Between 2004 and 2008, there were 24,332 cases of laboratory confirmed travel-associated gastrointestinal (GI) illness reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
- Salmonella spp. (non typhoid) was responsible for 50% of cases
- other organisms included Campylobacter spp.,Shigella spp., Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp
Reference:
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