Olecranon fracture

The olecranon is relatively easily fractured as the lower end of the humerus functions as a chisel. Most fractures are avulsion fractures caused by triceps contraction.

Two types of fracture of the olecranon are encountered:

• comminuted - from a direct blow to the olecranon
• transverse - from a traction lesion as the patient falls on the hand with the triceps contracted

On examination, the patient is unable to extend the elbow against resistance. Additionally:

• a comminuted fracture may be grazed or bruised over the elbow
• a transverse fracture may demonstrate a palpable gap

Left untreated, the fragments separate widely and non-union results.