Aetiology

Causes of parkinsonian syndrome include: (1,2)

• Parkinson’s disease
  
• Alzheimer’s disease
  
• multiple cerebral infarction
  
• drug-induced parkinsonism (eg phenothiazines, metachlopramide)
  
• other degenerative parkinsonian syndromes:
  • progressive supranuclear palsy
    • Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome
      
  • multiple system atrophy
    • previously Shy–Drager syndrome
    • olivopontocerebellar atrophy
    • striatonigral degeneration
• post-encephalitis
• toxins:
  • carbon monoxide
  • copper
  • manganese
• other:
  • trauma e.g. boxing
  • Wilson's disease

Reference:

1. NICE. Parkinson’s disease in adults. NICE guideline NG71. Published July 2017, last reviewed December 2024
2. Prachaya S et al. Parkinsonian syndromes. A review. Neurology India 66 (Suppl 1):p S15-S25, Mar–Apr 2018.