Efferent structures innervated by spinal level
The preganglionic sympathetic fibres pass to a given set of structures according to the spinal level from which they emerge:
- eye: T1 to T2
- head: T1 to T3
- heart: T1 to T5
- upper limb: T1 to T6
- lungs: T2 to T6
- oesophagus: T4 to T6
- stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas: T7 to T9
- small intestine: T9 to T10
- appendix, colon, gonads: T10 to T11
- suprarenal glands: T10 to L1
- lower limb: T11 to L2
- rectum, bladder, uterus: T12 to L2
- kidney: T12 to L1
- ureter: L1 to L2
Create an account to add page annotations
Add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation, such as a web address or phone number. This information will always be displayed when you visit this page