Retina

Retinal causes of sudden visual loss include:

• retinal arterial occlusion:
  • branch occlusion results in partial loss of vision
  • central occlusion results in complete loss of vision
• central retinal vein occlusion - extensive fundal haemorrhage
• amaurosis fugax - where a curtain descends over the vision for minutes. An embolus may be visible on the retina and a carotid bruit may be present.
• retinal detachment involving macula; symptoms and signs include:
  • flashing lights
  • floaters
  • visual field loss spreading centrally