Examination
Consider the following points in the examination of a patient with a history of syncope:
- examination is often normal
- pulse rate and rhythm
- blood pressure - lying and standing
- cardiac murmurs:
- aortic stenosis
- pulmonary stenosis
- mitral stenosis
- neurological examination - fundi, reflexes, any evidence of focal neurological signs
- examination of tongue for bites, skin for bruising; both suggest seizures
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