Preparation of patient
- explain the procedure clearly
- consider sedation only if extremely anxious e.g. with oral lorazepam or temazepam, or intravenous midazolam
- place patient in left lateral position:
- flexed into a foetal posture - with maximal flexion of thoracolumbar spine
- pillow placed between knees and underneath head to prevent torsion of spine
- shoulders and hips aligned at right angles to bed
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