Cervical incompetence is congenital in up to 30% of women whose uterus has a congenital fundal abnormality or may result from exposure to diethyl-stilboestrol in utero.
The vast majority of cases, however, are acquired, most frequently as a result of trauma. For example:
Uncommonly, incompetence may be attributed to hormonal activity in pregnancy - the normal non-pregnant cervix may become incompetent as hormonal activity causes relaxation; to high collagenolytic activity producing a weak and distensible cervix; or to a low collagen-muscle ratio - the muscle excess compromising sphincter action.
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