Retinal haemorrhage
Causes include:
- diabetes mellitus
- hypertension
- raised intracranial pressure
- trauma and retinal detachment
- retinal vein thrombosis
- subarachnoid haemorrhage
- arteritis (giant cell arteritis, PAN etc.)
- severe anaemia, especially pernicious anaemia
- bleeding diathesis - defects in platelets (particularly leukaemia), coagulation factors, vessels
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