The clinical features of tuberculous arthritis include:
pain, often at night
swelling due to synovial thickening
muscle wasting
limited movement in all directions
the joint may become fixed and deformed due to articular erosion
a cold abscess may form and point to the skin surface forming a chronic tuberculous sinus; the sinus provides a route of entry for secondary pyogenic infection
a positive Mantoux test and positive histology and culture from a synovial biopsy confirm the diagnosis
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