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Aetiology of congestive heart failure in neonates

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Causes can be grouped into: Hyperdynamic flow, usually as a result of a shunt:

  • large ventricular septal defect
  • patent ductus arteriosus, especially when associated with overload and respiratory distress syndrome

Obstructed outflow from the left heart:

  • hypoplastic left heart
  • aortic stenosis
  • coarctation of the aorta or interupted aortic arch

Multiple major heart defects:

  • truncus arteriosus
  • atrioventricular canal
  • single ventricle
  • total anomalous venous return

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