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Confounding factors

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Confounding factors may be described as the association of a disease and a study factor with a third variable causing a spurious difference between cases and controls.

Consider:-

A (confounder) <-------------------> C (dependent)<-------------------> B (independent)

Thus the association of A and B is secondary, resulting from them both being related to the confounding variable.

To overcome confounding, matching is carried out.


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