Aetiology
Possible causes of chronic renal failure include: (1)
- multisystem disease:
- diabetes mellitus is the main member of this group (30-50% of cases have Type 2 diabetes, 4% have Type 1 diabetes)
- Alport's syndrome
- acute pyelonephritis / tubulointerstitial disease
- hypertension and vascular causes (27%)
- polycystic kidney disease - the most common cause of familial chronic renal failure
- primary glomerulonephritis - 8% of cases
- idiopathic in 15% of cases
Rarely:
- drugs - toxic nephropathy e.g. analgesic nephropathy
- connective tissue disease e.g. polyarteritis nodosa
- the causes of chronic renal failure in children are presented elsewhere
Reference
- Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic Kidney Disease. Lancet. 2017 Mar 25;389(10075):1238-1252.
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