Cardiovascular manifestations
Cardiac manifestations seen in lupus patients include:
- accelerated atherosclerosis
- studies have revealed that in lupus patients, artherosclerosis develop prematurely and independenatly of traditional risk factors
- pericarditis
- is the most common cardiovascular complication affecting about 25% of patients.
- mild myocarditis
- Libman-Sacks endocarditis (1)
- bacterial endocarditis superimposed on a valve damaged by Libman-Sacks endocarditis
- rarely - aortic valve lesions, such as aortic regurgitation, and cardiomyopathy
- recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and other effects of lupus anticoagulant
- congenital heart block may occur in neonatal lupus
Reference:
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