Where increased risk of recurrence of renal tract stones

Patients stated to be at higher risk of recurrence include:

• early-onset urolithiasis (<25 years of age);
• recurrent urolithiasis;
• nephrocalcinosis;
• disease-associated urolithiasis (such as inflammatory bowel disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus); and
• strong family history (early onset in first degree relative)
  • specialist metabolic screening should be offered to these patients

Reference:

• Wilcox CR et al. Kidney stone disease: an update on its management in primary care. BJGP 2020; 70: 205–206.