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COPD and comorbidities

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COPD and comorbidities

COPD often co-exists with other diseases which may have a significant impact on disease course.

  • cardiovascular
    • heart failure - prevalence of systolic and diastolic heart failure in COPD patients ranges from 20-70% and its annual incidence between 3-4%
    • ischemic heart disease
    • arrhythmias - are common in COPD and vice versa. Atrial fibrillation is frequent and directly associated with FEV1
    • peripheral vascular disease
    • hypertension - likely to be the most frequently occurring comorbidity in COPD and may have implications for prognosis
  • osteoporosis
  • anxiety and depression
    • both are associated with poor prognosis
  • lung cancer
  • metabolic syndrome and diabetes
  • gastrooesophgeal reflux
  • bronchiectasis
  • obstructive sleep apnoea (1)

Reference:

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