COPD and comorbidities
COPD and comorbidities
COPD often co-exists with other diseases which may have a significant impact on disease course.
- cardiovascular
- heart failure - prevalence of systolic and diastolic heart failure in COPD patients ranges from 20-70% and its annual incidence between 3-4%
- ischemic heart disease
- arrhythmias - are common in COPD and vice versa. Atrial fibrillation is frequent and directly associated with FEV1
- peripheral vascular disease
- hypertension - likely to be the most frequently occurring comorbidity in COPD and may have implications for prognosis
- osteoporosis
- anxiety and depression
- both are associated with poor prognosis
- lung cancer
- metabolic syndrome and diabetes
- gastrooesophgeal reflux
- bronchiectasis
- obstructive sleep apnoea (1)
Reference:
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