COPD and comorbidities

COPD and comorbidities

COPD often co-exists with other diseases which may have a significant impact on disease course.

• cardiovascular
  • heart failure - prevalence of systolic and diastolic heart failure in COPD patients ranges from 20-70% and its annual incidence between 3-4%
  • ischemic heart disease
  • arrhythmias - are common in COPD and vice versa. Atrial fibrillation is frequent and directly associated with FEV1
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • hypertension - likely to be the most frequently occurring comorbidity in COPD and may have implications for prognosis
• osteoporosis
• anxiety and depression
  • both are associated with poor prognosis
• lung cancer
• metabolic syndrome and diabetes
• gastrooesophgeal reflux
• bronchiectasis
• obstructive sleep apnoea (1)

Reference:

• (1) Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2018. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.