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Histology

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Histologically, the heart can be considered as a modified blood vessel with homologous layers:

  • endocardium; equivalent to tunica intima
  • myocardium; equivalent to tunica media
  • epicardium; equivalent to tunica externa

In addition, the connective tissue elements of the heart are elaborately arranged as the cardiac skeleton. This provides an attachment for the valves and a means of maintaining the electrical independence of chambers.

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