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Cardiac function (regulation)

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The cardiac output is the product of the stroke volume and the heart rate.

The cardiac output is regulated in two ways:

  • intrinsic regulation (the Frank-Starling law)
  • reflex autonomic effects

Ref: Guyton, AC. (1986). Textbook of medical physiology. 7th ed. 157-161. W.B. Saunders & Co.

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