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Clinical features

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Arteriovenous malformations are usually clinically silent until an event such as bleeding or epilepsy occurs.

Presentations include:

  • intracranial bleeding - more often intracerebral or intraventricular than subarachnoid. Usually in younger people - 20-40 years - than haemorrhage associated with aneurysms.
  • seizures - generalised or focal; common especially if it involves the cortical surface
  • progressive neurological deficits - often involving the basal ganglia. Presents with hemiparesis, dementia, visual field defects. Motor / sensory defects in absence of cranial nerve involvement due to brainstem AVM - rare.
  • headache - may sometimes appear similar to migraine
  • transient ischaemic attacks
  • cranial bruits - especially over eyeball

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