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Complications

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

The complications of acute cholecystitis include:

  • empyema
  • gangrenous cholecystitis
    • occurs in 2% to 30% of cases
  • perforation of the gallbladder
    • in 3% to 10% of patients
  • emphysematous cholecystitis
    • caused by secondary infection of the gallbladder wall with gas-forming organism
    • common in elderly, and men with diabetes
    • requires immediate antibiotics (directed at anaerobes, coliforms, and Clostridia species) and urgent surgery due to high incidence of perforation (1)
  • pancreatitis
  • perihepatic abscess
  • portal pyaemia and septicaemia

Reference:

  1. Elwood DR. Cholecystitis. Surg Clin North Am. 2008;88(6):1241-52

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