Flexion or forward hinging injuries are most common in the lumbar spine following a fall in the bent position or an object falling on the bent back. The injury is stable if the posterior ligament remains intact, but the front of the vertebral body usually collapses.
Flexion usually affects the lower cervical spine since the chin abuts against the sternum and reduces damage in higher regions. Flexion is rare in the thoracic spine as this is secured by the ribs.
Injuries in which flexion is an important element include:
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