This site is intended for healthcare professionals

account_circleSign in
Go to /sign-in page

You can view 5 more pages before signing in

Aetiology and associations

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Aetiology of the condition remain unclear

Frozen shoulder may also be associated with another systemic illness (1)

  • diabetes mellitus
    • most common association of a secondary frozen shoulder
    • incidence of frozen shoulder in diabetes patients is reported to be 10%-36% (incidence in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is similar)
    • frozen shoulder in diabetes is often more severe and is more resistant to treatment
    • recurrence risk is also higher
  • Dupuytren's disease
  • rarely a frozen shoulder may be associated with conditions such as
    • hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hypoadrenalism
    • Parkinson's disease
    • cardiac disease
    • pulmonary disease
    • stroke
      • in the case of stroke, shoulder stiffness may be the result of muscle spasticity in the shoulder region
  • the development of a frozen shoulder has also been reported subsequent to non-shoulder surgical procedures, such as cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterisation through the brachial artery, neurosurgery, and radical neck dissection (1,2)

Reference:

Create an account to add page annotations

Create a free account

Add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation, such as a web address or phone number. This information will always be displayed when you visit this page