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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

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The aetiology of majority of cases of glomerulonephritis is unknown. However, in a few cases, an aetiological agent can be identified. For example, in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, one can often find raised titres to antistreptolysin-O (ASO).

Known aetiological factors for glomerulonephritis include:

  • bacteria:
    • Staphylococcus spp.
    • Lancefiled group A B-haemolytic streptococci
    • Streptococcus viridans
    • Treponema pallidum

  • viruses:
    • Coxsackie virus
    • Epstein Barr virus
    • hepatitis B virus
    • measles
    • mumps

  • parasites:
    • Plasmodium malariae
    • Schistosoma spp.

  • drugs:
    • penicillamine

  • host antigens:
    • cryoglobulin
    • DNA
    • tumour antigens

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