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Aetiology

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

There are multiple causes for IS which can be divided into the following groups:

  • prenatal
    • accounts for over 40% of cases
    • aetiologies include
      • CNS malformations - focal cortical dysplasia, holoprosencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, Callosal agenesis/Aicardi syndrome
      • chromosomal abnormalities - trisomy 21, Miller-Dieker syndrome
      • single-gene errors
      • neurocutaneous syndrome - tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), NF1, incontinentia pigmenti
      • congenital central nervous system infections (TORCH)
      • in-born error of metabolism - rarely
  • perinatal
    • aetiologies include
      • hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
      • hypoglycemia
  • postnatal
    • aetiologies include
      • intracranial infections
      • hypoxic-ischemic insults
      • brain tumours

Note:

  • cortical malformations, hypoxic-ischemic, and tuberous sclerosis are the most common known associated disorders

Reference:

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