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Heart sounds (second, soft)

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

A soft, or absent, A2 is heard in:

  • poorly mobile cusps - e.g. calcification as occurs in some forms of aortic stenosis
  • dilatation of the aortic root - e.g. syphilitic aortitis
  • P2 is soft in pulmonary stenosis

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