requires annual measurement of haemoglobin, potassium, calcium and phosphate
treatment of anaemia with intravenous iron ± erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs), after exclusion of other causes of anaemia
threshold Hb concentration for initiation of an ESA should be 11 g/dL, and treatment adjusted to maintain Hb between 11 and 12 g/dL
patient’s functional needs and level of desired physical activity should be taken into account when deciding what level of Hb to aim for
lower levels of Hb should be accepted if the Hb fails to rise despite adequate iron replacement and a weekly dose of ESA equivalent to 300 iu/kg/week of epoietin alfa or beta
masurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration when stage 3 CKD is first diagnosed
treatment of disorders of calcium, phosphate, or PTH concentrations according to the guidance set out below
renal ultrasonography in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms or refractory hypertension or unexplained progressive fall in GFR
immunisation against influenza and pneumococcus
regular review of all prescribed medication, to ensure appropriate dose adjustments and the avoidance, wherever possible, of nephrotoxic drugs, including NSAIDs
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