Aetiology of iron overload
Causes of iron overload
Iron overload syndromes can be divided into three groups:
- Hereditary haemochromatosis
- HFE-related
- C282Y/C282Y
- C282Y/H63D
- other HFE mutations
- non–HFE-related
- hemojuvelin (HJV)
- transferrin receptor-2 (TfR2)
- ferroportin (SLC40A1)
- hepcidin (HAMP)
- African iron overload
- HFE-related
- Secondary iron overload
- iron-loading anaemias
- thalassemia major
- sideroblastic
- chronic haemolytic anaemia
- aplastic anaemia
- pyruvate kinase deficiency
- pyridoxine-responsive anaemia
- parenteral iron overload
- red blood cell transfusions e.g.
- parenteral iron overload in blood transfusions:
- thalassaemia major
- sickle cell disease
- myelodysplasia
- iron–dextran injections
- long-term haemodialysis
- red blood cell transfusions e.g.
- excess dietary iron:
- Bantu haemochromatosis
- Bantu haemochromatosis
- chronic liver disease
- porphyria cutanea tarda
- hepatitis C
- hepatitis B
- alcoholic liver disease
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- following portocaval shunt
- dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome
- iron-loading anaemias
- Miscellaneous
- neonatal iron overload
- aceruloplasminemia
- congenital atransferrinemia
A high alcohol intake is associated with more rapid development of haemochromatosis.
Reference:
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