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Clinical features of vitamin B12 deficiency

Authoring team

  • Blood
    • macrocytic anaemia - anaemia, jaundice
    • neutropenia - infection
    • thrombocytopenia - bleeding
  • Skin
    • angular cheilosis - sore mouth
    • glossitis - beefy red tongue
    • pigmentation, alopecia
  • Gut
    • epithelial abnormalities - anorexia, weight loss
    • stomach + small bowel - altered bowel habit, malabsorption
  • GUS
    • epithelial abnormalities - infertility
  • CNS
    • mental abnormalities - dementia
    • peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the cord - paraesthesia, numbness, difficulty in walking, weakness
  • Eyes
    • retrobulbar neuritis - poor vision
    • optic atrophy - blindness
  • Other – splenomegaly, fever

Reference:

  1. NICE. Vitamin B12 deficiency in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG239. Published March 2024.

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The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

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