plain abdominal radiography to detect proximal faecal loading
assessment of the tone of the anal sphincter is up to the proctologist; also neurological control over rectum and anus
if an anal sphincter problem is suspected, anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound are recommended
Reference:
Bordeianou LG, Thorsen AJ, Keller DS, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of faecal incontinence. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2023 May;66(5):647-61.
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