This describes multiple, bilateral lutein cysts caused by high levels of serum hCG resulting from a hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma. Sizes of 10 - 15 cm may be reached.
They may also develop in patients undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotrophins or clomiphene but usually regress when the source of gonadotrophin is removed.
Extensive luteinisation of theca cells during pregnancy may cause a pregnancy luteoma. These may be associated with multiple pregnancy or polyhydramnios and may cause virilisation in the mother and sometimes, in the female foetus.
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