Aetiology
Acute urinary retention often appears suddenly in patients with longstanding symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction, for example benign prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck hypertrophy, or prostatic carcinoma.
Other causes include - as a complication of surgery, due to fluid overload, drugs, pain, anxiety, embarrassment or the supine posture.
Less common causes include:
- stones or blood clots in the urethra
- urethral stricture
- constipation
- pregnancy - particularly associated with a retroverted uterus
- pelvic tumour
- genital herpes - painful ulceration may result in urinary retention
Reference
- Selius BA, Subedi R; Urinary retention in adults: diagnosis and initial management. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Mar 1;77(5):643-50.
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