This site is intended for healthcare professionals

Go to /sign-in page

You can view 5 more pages before signing in

Staging of bladder tumours

Last reviewed dd mmm yyyy. Last edited dd mmm yyyy

Authoring team

Grading and staging is made at cystoscopy. Any visible tumour is resected. This is sent for histology to grade the tumour. The bladder is then washed out. A bimanual examination is performed to determine the clinical stage. A further deep biopsy is taken. This is sent for histology to determine the pathological stage.

Grading is either:

  • G1 - well differentiated
  • G2 - moderately differentiated
  • G3 - poorly differentiated

Staging is by the TNM system. A T prefix denotes the stage as assessed clinically. A p prefix is added when the clinical findings are supported by pathological analysis.

Pathological stages pT3 and pT4 can only be made on bladder specimens after total or partial cystectomy.

Upper urinary tract tumours can only be staged from surgically excised specimens.

Nodal and metastatic spread is assessed only when radiotherapy or radical surgery is contemplated.


Create an account to add page annotations

Annotations allow you to add information to this page that would be handy to have on hand during a consultation. E.g. a website or number. This information will always show when you visit this page.

The content herein is provided for informational purposes and does not replace the need to apply professional clinical judgement when diagnosing or treating any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

Connect

Copyright 2024 Oxbridge Solutions Limited, a subsidiary of OmniaMed Communications Limited. All rights reserved. Any distribution or duplication of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Oxbridge Solutions receives funding from advertising but maintains editorial independence.