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Aetiology by site

Authoring team

Considering upper gastrointestinal bleeding in terms of the site of the bleed:

  • pharynx:
    • vomiting of swallowed blood from a nasal bleed

  • oesophagus:
    • oesophagitis due to a hiatus hernia
    • oesophageal varices
    • Mallory-Weiss tear
    • carcinoma

  • stomach:
    • gastritis - alcoholic, drug-induced, biliary, irritant
    • gastric ulcer
    • gastric carcinoma
    • benign tumours e.g. leiomyoma



  • duodenum:
    • duodenal ulcer
    • duodenitis

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