Clinical features
Specific clinical features suggest the structure affected by infarction within the brainstem:
Feature: Structure:
- diplopia oculomotor system
- facial numbness cranial V nuclei
- facial weakness (LMN) cranial VII nuclei
- dysphagia, dysarthria cranial IX, X nuclei
- hemiparesis / tetraparesis corticospinal tracts
- sensory loss medial lemniscus / spinothalamic tracts
- nystagmus, vertigo vestibular connections
- dysarthria, ataxia, brain stem and cerebellar vomiting, hiccups connections
- Horner's syndrome sympathetic fibres
- altered consciousness reticular activating system
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