Vagal innervation provides tonic bronchoconstriction which is mediated by acetyl choline.
Cholinergic reflex bronchoconstriction may be triggered by:
Anticholinergics are effective in preventing these pathways of bronchoconstriction. Atropine has been used but less soluble quaternary compounds, such as ipratropium bromide, result in fewer side-effects.
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